Abstract
We investigate the cytokine profile in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with spinal cord schistosomiasis (SCS). Increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 and low concentrations of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were observed in both CSF and serum. CSF showed higher levels of IL-4 and IL-6 when compared to the paired serum samples. A negative correlation between the concentrations of IL-10 and IFN-gamma was observed in the CSF. These findings suggest an inflammatory as well as a skewed type-2 immune response that probably occur both locally and systemically and may be involved in the pathogenesis of SCS.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cerebrospinal Fluid / immunology*
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Cerebrospinal Fluid / parasitology*
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Cytokines / analysis
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Cytokines / blood
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Cytokines / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Down-Regulation / immunology
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Humans
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Interferon-gamma / analysis
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Interferon-gamma / blood
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Interferon-gamma / cerebrospinal fluid
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Interleukins / analysis
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Interleukins / blood
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Interleukins / cerebrospinal fluid
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Myelitis / cerebrospinal fluid
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Myelitis / immunology
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Myelitis / parasitology
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Neuroschistosomiasis / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Neuroschistosomiasis / diagnosis
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Neuroschistosomiasis / immunology*
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Schistosoma mansoni / immunology
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Spinal Cord Diseases / cerebrospinal fluid*
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Spinal Cord Diseases / immunology*
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Spinal Cord Diseases / parasitology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / cerebrospinal fluid
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Up-Regulation / immunology
Substances
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Cytokines
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Interleukins
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Interferon-gamma