India has reached the final stage of polio eradication. The polio partnership in India, under the leadership of the Government of India, mounted tremendous response to the outbreak. The progress since 2003 is the most significant in the history of polio eradication in India. Surveillance sensitivity was increased to reach the goal for polio eradication. Since nearly all polio cases now occurring in India are caused by type 1 poliovirus in children, monovalent oral polio vaccine type 1 (mOPV1) was introduced in select high-risk districts of UP, Bihar and Mumbai-Thane during the April and May 2005 National Immunisation Days and the June and August 2005 in 6 sub-national immunisation rounds. Strategies were also being implemented to improve the impact of supplementary immunisation activities in the high-risk areas. As a result of supplementary immunisation activities targeted using surveillance data, India has made striking progress towards polio eradication.