Acoustic waves in an elastic channel near the free surface of granular media

Phys Rev Lett. 2006 Jun 2;96(21):214301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.214301. Epub 2006 Jun 1.

Abstract

A theoretical description of a natural acoustical waveguide existing in unconsolidated granular materials due to a gravity-induced stiffness gradient is proposed. The analytical theory for the acoustic modes propagating in the medium with a power-law type inhomogeneity uses some original solutions of the Helmholtz equation that have not been derived before either in classical or in quantum mechanics. The dispersion relations and a physical mechanism of localization for these modes indicate their essential difference both from the Rayleigh surface acoustic waves and the waveguide modes in homogeneous plates.