Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are used more than 100 years. Most of them can cause undesirable effects on gastrointestinal tract: ulceration, bleeding and perforation of stomach and duodenum. Gastrointestinal toxicity is diminished when selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are used. However, recent clinical trials have showed that the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors increases the risk of cardiovascular event and cerebrovascular accident. According to the data such risk may be high using also nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, however, it is lesser. Incidence rates of the cardiovascular events and cerebrovascular accidents increase due to activated thrombotic activity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are very useful in the management of rheumatic diseases and as pain relievers. Choosing appropriate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent it is essential to consider the risk of gastrointestinal as well cardiovascular damage.
MeSH terms
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Adolescent
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Adult
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Age Factors
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / adverse effects*
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Anticoagulants / adverse effects
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / drug therapy
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Cardiovascular Diseases / chemically induced*
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Cardiovascular Diseases / mortality
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Cerebrovascular Disorders / chemically induced
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Cerebrovascular Disorders / mortality
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Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Drug Interactions
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Female
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / chemically induced*
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Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / chemically induced
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Glucocorticoids / adverse effects
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Helicobacter Infections / complications
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Helicobacter pylori
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Humans
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Kidney Diseases / chemically induced
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Osteoarthritis / drug therapy
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Peptic Ulcer / chemically induced
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Peptic Ulcer / complications
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Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / chemically induced
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Peptic Ulcer Perforation / chemically induced
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Risk Factors
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Time Factors
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
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Anticoagulants
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Glucocorticoids