Tissue growth in a rotating bioreactor. Part I: mechanical stability

Math Med Biol. 2006 Dec;23(4):311-37. doi: 10.1093/imammb/dql013. Epub 2006 Jun 15.

Abstract

We develop mathematical models to provide insights into the morphology of a tissue construct formed from a single-cell suspension in culture media, within a rotating bioreactor. The bioreactor consists of a cylindrical vessel of circular cross-section rotating about its longitudinal axis with constant angular speed. Experimental studies show that at rotation rates below a critical value, the cells 'self-assemble' to form smooth 'nodules' that are approximately cylindrical with elliptical cross-section; however, at rotation rates above a critical value, an amorphous construct forms with a highly irregular boundary. The construct is denser than the surrounding culture media and histological studies indicate that the interior of the construct, which is a mix of apoptotic cells and culture media, is surrounded by an outer rim of proliferating cells and collagen. The construct is modelled as a viscous fluid drop surrounded by an extensible membrane in a (less dense) immiscible viscous fluid within a rotating bioreactor. We consider both thin-disk and slender-pipe bioreactors for which the aspect ratio, L(*)/a(*) (where L(*) and a(*) are the bioreactor length and radius, respectively), is small and large, respectively, and obtain a series of spatially 2D problems (independent of the axial coordinate). We then examine the hypothesis that the construct morphology is a result of the mechanical forces that it experiences by considering the interfacial stability of an initially circular fluid-fluid interface to small-amplitude, oscillatory perturbations. The instability is driven by the density difference between the two fluids, and we investigate the effect of the rotation rate, the (time-dependent) gravitational field, and the material and geometrical properties of the system on the stability properties.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Animals
  • Bioreactors*
  • Cell Culture Techniques / instrumentation
  • Cell Culture Techniques / methods
  • Gravitation
  • Humans
  • Mechanics
  • Models, Biological*
  • Rheology
  • Rotation
  • Tissue Engineering / instrumentation*
  • Tissue Engineering / methods