Representing 32% of the new infections, immigrants living in France appear as a target population for prevention. Care-givers have to adapt their practice in taking into account their specificities which are not restricted to cultural differences but include socio-economic determinants playing a major role. In addition to trainings on the foreigners rights and socio-cultural basic knowledge, care-givers (especially clinicians) have to give more time (especially at the beginning of the relationship) and to accept sharing the "medical power" with other people having the possibility of taking into account the other aspects of the patients' life in addition to the medical one. As in other chronic diseases, mediation is one on the tools available, and we could imagine the benefit of such an intervention for any patient. Assuming the fact there is no evidence for any difference regarding compliance between migrants and the other patients, this is probably the price to pay to insure therapeutic success.