A female specimen of the nematode Philometroides barbi Moravec, Simková, Hanzelová, Spakulová et Cakić, 2005, a little-known histozoic parasite of the Mediterranean Barbus meridionalis, was recorded from the fin of its fish host in Bulgaria. Scanning electron microscopical examination, used for the first time in this species, made it possible to determine the character of cephalic papillae (14 papillae arranged in 2 circles) and amphids and confirmed the presence of 4 large caudal lobes. These features distinctly distinguish P. barbi from Philometroides cyprini and other congeners parasitizing European fishes.