Thrombomodulin induction in cultured human endothelial cells by 9-cis-locked retinoic acid analogues

Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 Aug 1;14(15):5099-109. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.043. Epub 2006 May 19.

Abstract

9-cis-Retinoic acid (RA) analogues devised to lock the 9-cis double bond by ring formation were synthesized using two stereoselective carbon-carbon bond formation reactions as key steps. The palladium-mediated Suzuki reaction was adopted to construct a 7E-double bond (RA numbering) and the Horner-Emmons olefination was employed for stereoselective 11E-double bond (RA numbering) formation. The synthesized 9-cis-RA analogues that are locked by five-membered ring systems (cyclopentene, dihydrofuran, and dihydrothiophene) were shown to have comparable thrombomodulin induction activities to that of 9-cis RA. Conformational analysis of these compounds showed their similarity to 9-cis RA in the spatial orientation of the side chain and the terminal carboxy group.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alitretinoin
  • Catalysis
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Endothelial Cells / drug effects*
  • Endothelial Cells / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Palladium / chemistry
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thrombomodulin / biosynthesis*
  • Tretinoin / chemical synthesis*
  • Tretinoin / chemistry
  • Tretinoin / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Thrombomodulin
  • Alitretinoin
  • Tretinoin
  • Palladium