Effectiveness of radical en-bloc-esophagectomy compared to transhiatal esophagectomy in squamous cell cancer of the esophagus is influenced by nodal micrometastases

Abstract

Purpose: The appropriate surgery for curable squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the esophagus is discussed controversially.

Patients and methods: Transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) with radical en-bloc-lymphadenectomy was performed in 79/120 patients (66%). Due to severe comorbidity, 41/120 patients (34%) underwent less traumatizing transhiatal esophagectomy. Lymph nodes were stained using mAb BER-Ep4.

Results: pN0 status was found in 54 patients (45%) and pN1 status in 66 patients (55%). In the pN0 subgroup, 30 out of 54 patients (55.6%) had occult tumor cells in lymph nodes detected with BER-Ep4. pN1 patients had additional BER-Ep4 positive cells in histopathologically negative lymph nodes in 41 out of 66 patients (59.2%). Median disease-specific survival was 31.4 and 16.8 months for the transthoracic and transhiatal groups, respectively (P = 0.129). pN0 patients lived longer after transthoracic resection (P = 0.0349), and in the subgroup without lymph node micrometastases this effect was even stronger (P = 0.025). In contrast, in pN0 patients with nodal microinvolvement, TTE did not entail a survival benefit when compared with the transhiatal group (P = 0.333).

Conclusion: TTE results in improved outcome in the absence of lymph node micrometastases. Poor survival in patients with lymphatic micro-dissemination indicates systemic disease and the need for adjuvant treatment.