Abstract
Background:
Common polymorphisms of genes controlling inflammation-modulating cytokines and acute-phase proteins which play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been shown to be associated with AD.
Aims:
The immunological and immunogenetic markers potentially useful for the AD risk evaluation and diagnosis are briefly reviewed.
Conclusion:
The state-of-the-art of immunological and immunogenetic markers of AD indicates that new tools and strategies are necessary to identify gene products useful as diagnostic tools.
MeSH terms
-
Acute-Phase Proteins / genetics
-
Acute-Phase Proteins / immunology
-
Alzheimer Disease / diagnosis
-
Alzheimer Disease / genetics*
-
Alzheimer Disease / immunology*
-
Apolipoproteins E / genetics
-
Apolipoproteins E / immunology
-
Biomarkers / analysis*
-
Cytokines / genetics
-
Cytokines / immunology
-
DNA / analysis
-
Gene Expression Regulation / genetics
-
Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
-
Humans
-
Inflammation / blood
-
Inflammation / genetics
-
Inflammation / immunology
-
Microglia / pathology
-
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
-
Polymorphism, Genetic
-
Positron-Emission Tomography
Substances
-
Acute-Phase Proteins
-
Apolipoproteins E
-
Biomarkers
-
Cytokines
-
DNA