Studies from the last decade emphasize the importance of sialic acid (SA) in general pathology (neoplasic disease, colagenosis), and its implication in appearance and aggravation of atherosclerosis (e.g. appearance of angyopathy like chronic complication in diabetes mellitus). Diabetes is known as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and has a high incidence in general population. The incidence of diabetes increases from year to year, especially type II of diabetes, the most common type (more than 90% from diabetics are type II). Diabetes mellitus with its chronic degenerative complications like micro and macrovascular angyopathy (coronary disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, arteriopathy) represents a major health and social problem (more than 80% of the mortality to type II diabetics is the result of coronarian and cerebral vascular complications). The early discovery of chronic angyopathic complications to diabetics is a major objective in increasing the hope of life to diabetics. Determination and monitorization of SA could be useful in the early discovering of chronic degenerative complications to patients with diabetes mellitus.