Microarrays offer a powerful approach to the analysis of gene expression that can be used for a wide variety of experimental purposes. However, several types of microarray platforms are available. In addition, microarray experiments are expensive and generate complicated data sets that can be difficult to interpret. Success with microarray approaches requires a sound experimental design and a coordinated and appropriate use of statistical tools. Here, the advantages and pitfalls of utilizing microarrays are discussed, as are practical strategies to help novice users succeed with this method that can empower them with the ability to assay changes in gene expression at the whole-genome level.