Background: The repair of a craniofacial or nose deformity requires a large volume of reconstructive material. A conventional cartilage graft does not provide a sufficient volume of reconstructive material. Therefore, augmentation of the facial form to the defect shape is quite difficult. The authors developed a new treatment method that provides a sufficiently large volume of reconstructive material and enables an easier reconstruction of the original shape.
Methods: Ages of the patients ranged between 9 and 63 years. Approximately 1 cm of auricular cartilage was collected from the auricular concha. Isolated chondrocytes were cultured with autologous serum that accelerates cell proliferation. The cells were subcultured and formed a gel-form mass. This mass, together with autologous serum, was grafted (injected) on the periosteum and into the subcutaneous pocket. The volume of grafted cultured chondrocytes ranged from 1.7 to 40 cc (1 to 5 x 10(7) cells/cc). The lesion changed from soft gel form into hard cartilage tissues within 2 to 3 weeks and stabilized.
Results: Excellent or good satisfactory results were obtained in all patients and have been maintained for periods ranging from 3 to 34 months. No patient experienced absorption of cultured chondrocytes. Biopsy of the newly formed tissues showed that it was an elastic cartilage derived from the original tissue.
Conclusions: A small number of chondrocytes obtained from a 1-cm auricular cartilage are successfully cultured into a large number of cells in a gel form. Those autologous auricular chondrocytes in a gel form allow for the repair of complicated shapes of the defect area. This technique is applicable to various treatments for craniofacial or nose deformity.