Conditions known to cause hand pain, such as arthritis, are often accompanied by impaired dexterity. The aim of this study was to determine whether this association is coincident, or whether pain affects dexterity directly. In the first part of the study, several tests of dexterity based on pegboard skills were compared with a precision-grip-lift task: the correlations between the results of any of these tests were not significant at the 0.01 level. Nineteen subjects were then tested with a modified Purdue pegboard test and the precision grip-lift task, both without pain and during pain induced by injection of 5% hypertonic saline into the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the non-dominant hand. There was no significant difference in the performance of either task when the muscle was painful, indicating that acute experimental muscle pain does not affect dexterity.