The diagnosis of lymphoma bone marrow involvement (LBMI) is mainly based on bone marrow biopsy. Pathology of LBMI in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are different. The morphology, distribution patterns and immunophenotype of most tumor cells in bone marrow are consistent with those in extramedullary sites, but few may show some discrepancy. This article compared the pathologic features of LBMI in HL, B-NHL and T-NHL, and reviewed advances of bone marrow biopsy pathology in diagnosing LBMI from the aspects of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and lymphoma gene rearrangement.