Several data from literature suggest the potential influence of premature delivery with prolonged oxygen suplementation on prevalence of development of allergic diseases in children. The objective of the study was the retrospective analysis of 60 children aged 4 years, prematurely born, and 30 healthy children at the same age (the control group), born at term. In all children, beside detail interview and accurately clinical examination, the estimation of total IgE and specific IgE with chosen inhaled and food allergens was done. The obtained results of the studies shown twice as much prevalence of asthma in prematurely born children (33%) in comparison to these born at term (17%). However atopic dermatitis was observed more often in term children (53%) than in prematurely born children (23%).