World Health Organization has the target by the year 2010 of reducing congenital rubella syndrome to less than 1/100,000 live births, being necessary the control of the virus circulation. Rubella is currently a low-incidence disease, that affected to children in the pre-vaccine era. The excellent measles-mumps-rubella vaccine coverage in children, together with the vaccination campaigns in childbearing age women, leads to get very high protection. Until recently, susceptible individuals were grouped in a reduced fraction of young men, born after the decline of wild virus circulation and that did not receive the vaccine, due to its age. The new demographic situation derived from the immigration is causing important changes in the susceptibility pattern. Many immigrants came to Spain from regions where rubella vaccine is not (or until recently was not) administered; as result, it can emerge an accumulation of susceptible individuals (especially among adults) allowing the re-circulation of the virus.