The growing number of research on quality of life is stimulated by the need to compare therapeutic treatments that have a similar efficacy to reduce mid- and long-term mortality, but that can warrant different levels of quality of life. The aim of this review was to describe theories and applications of different questionnaires (generic vs specific), methodology to construct a new questionnaire, and the methods of translation and cross-cultural adaptation in another language. Finally, the characteristics of the Coronary Revascularization Outcome Questionnaire, a validated instrument that measures symptoms, physical, psychosocial and cognitive function, adverse effects and satisfaction with treatment for bypass surgery and coronary angioplasty are described. The Italian version is actually used in a multicenter trial in several heart surgery and interventional departments.