Computational analysis tools and decision support systems have increased their penetration in the support of clinical processes and management of medical data and knowledge. Applications range from adjunct tools for diagnosis and disease investigation to the treatment and monitoring of therapeutic procedures. As all medical fields, the field of oncology is affected. This special issue includes studies presenting research and applications of computational intelligence in oncology, covering four main areas: i) decision support systems (DSS) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in oncology; ii) design and assessment of classification tools in oncology; iii) intelligent accessing, retrieving, and storing of medical images; and iv) intelligent telemedicine and telehealth applications in oncology.