Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are highly conserved proteins and their synthesis is ubiquitous in virtually every species in which they have been sought. In the present study we have investigated the effect of age and inflammation on the induction of Hsp27 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using flow cytometry. Sixty-six healthy control subjects or patients suffering from inflammation participated in the study. In both heat shocked (HS) and non-HS conditions, the percentage of Hsp27 producing lymphocytes as well as the intensity of Hsp27 in lymphocytes and monocytes were negatively influenced by age. The basal levels and also the levels of Hsp27 production after HS were higher for monocytes compared to lymphocytes. In addition, we found that HS resulted in a small but significant increase in the levels of Hsp27 in lymphocytes whereas a significant decrease in Hsp27 was noticed for monocytes. In conclusion, results presented herein provide evidence in support of an age-related decrease in the level of Hsp27, which disappeared in the presence of inflammation. Several relationships between the circulating levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha with the various Hsp27 determinations were observed, indicating that cytokines are able to influence the production of Hsp27.