Based on earlier literature analyses, this study summarizes more recent research on the links between chronic illness and psychopathology. This analysis was conducted on specific types of illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, asthma and arthritis. Results show increased psychopathology among chronically ill children and adolescents in most studies. Duration of illness, severity of illness as well as gender unsystematically impacted this process. Noteworthy, too, is that some studies reported quite low psychopathology and even higher life quality in chronically ill children and adolescents. In some cases this can be considered as a sign of defense mechanisms.