Disorders of bone and mineral metabolism can be effectively treated by a relatively small number of preparations which include minerals, vitamin D metabolites, other hormones, bisphosphonates, and diuretics. In addition to achieving the treatment goals, management of these patients must include close monitoring for potential adverse effects of the medications. The following chapter addresses the currently available treatment modalities of bone and mineral disorders and their potential side effects. Careful attention to recommended precautions, means of monitoring for potential adverse effects, and consequent adjustment of therapy play a key role in protecting the patient from development of serious adverse effects.