While a public health emphasis on primary prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues, it is recognized that large numbers of individuals are already infected. Efforts at secondary prevention focus on early medical intervention and may be effective in slowing progression to a diagnosis of AIDS. Understanding the factors that promote or impede seropositive individuals from receiving prompt medical treatment and complying with treatment regimens is essential to prolonging survival. During unstructured interviews in an ongoing study of sexual decision-making, 55 urban, gay, seropositive men spontaneously offered information about their treatment choices for their HIV infection. Findings regarding their considerations in initiating, delaying, or rejecting medical treatment are presented.