The objective of this study was to establish if chronic headaches with medication overuse can modify a topo-kinesthetic memory test. Nineteen patients with medication overuse headache (MOH), 13 patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) without medication use and a group of "normal" subjects underwent a topo-kinesthetic memory test at T0 and after one month (T1); a control group of healthy volunteers was also tested to establish the baseline in our experimental setting. After one month, in the MOH patients there was a reduction of medication overuse from 3.3+/-2.65 to 1.1+/-2.23 (p<0.01), but no significant reduction in headache frequency and severity index, quality of life, anxiety and depression scores. The navigation time at T0 was 14.3+/-4.97, 27.9+/-10.12, 34.3+/-15.38 and 7.5+/-2.33, 10.1+/-2.95, 11.4+/-3.21 for control, MOH and CTTH with closed and open eyes, respectively (p<0.02). At T1, the MOH patients reached performances with open eyes similar to the healthy controls, while with closed eyes the navigation test reached times similar to those of CTTH patients. The topo-kinesthetic memory test seems both able to discriminate MOH and CTTH from healthy volunteers and to be related to pain scores but is not influenced by the use of drugs.