Due to viral replication in erythroid precursor cells, severe anemia represents a major complication of B19 infection. However, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of virus-induced complications with a significant impact on graft outcome of renal transplant patients. Herein, we present a long-term B19 infection in a 45-year-old female renal transplant patient, which aggravated the renal anemia associated with a concomitant CMV infection. Since no data were available on the seroprevalence of this virus in pretransplant patients, we determined the B19 serostatus of 90 dialyzed pretransplant adult subjects.