Arsenic contamination in aquatic systems is a worldwide concern. Understanding the redox cycling of arsenic in sediments is critical in evaluating the fate of arsenic in aquatic environments and in developing sediment quality guidelines. The direct oxidation of inorganic trivalent arsenic, As(III), by dissolved molecular oxygen has been studied and found to be quite slow. A chemical pathway for As(III) oxidation has been proposed recently in which a radical species, Fe(IV), produced during the oxidation of divalent iron, Fe(II), facilitates the oxidation of As(III). Rapid oxidation of As(III) was observed (on a time scale of hours) in batch systems at pH 7 and 7.5, but the extent of As(III) oxidation was limited. The Fe(II)-catalyzed oxidation of As(III) is examined in a sediment column using both computational and experimental studies. A reactive-transport model is constructed that incorporates the complex kinetics of radical species generation and Fe(II) and As(III) oxidation that have been developed previously. The model is applied to experimental column data. Results indicate that the proposed chemical pathway can explain As(III) oxidation in sediments and that transport in sediments plays a vital role in increasing the extent of As(III) oxidation and efficiency of the Fe(II) catalysis.