Urinary stone disease is a problem as old as human civilization. In this article, a brief history of stone disease and the current status of urinary stone disease treatment will be discussed. This review will focus primarily on the newest technology and devices associated with flexible ureteropyeloscopy for the treatment of upper tract urinary stones. In addition to defining the cutting-edge technology that is newly available, this review will glimpse at what technologic advances are expected in the near future. Reference articles that do a good job of defining the current state of flexible ureteropyeloscopy technology and urinary stone disease treatment will be highlighted, along with a reiteration of the major points of the article.