Combined CNS and pituitary involvement as a primary manifestation of Wegener granulomatosis

Clin Rheumatol. 2006 Sep;25(5):739-42. doi: 10.1007/s10067-005-0065-5. Epub 2005 Dec 2.

Abstract

Wegener granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic vasculitis of small and medium vessels. It predominantly affects the upper and/or lower respiratory airway and kidneys. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. WG relatively frequently affects the nervous system (in 30-50% according to the different studies). Most frequently, it manifests as necrotizing vasculitis that leads to the peripheral neuropathies or to the cranial nerves palsy. Impairment of the central nervous system (CNS) is less frequent and occurs in 2-8% of patients. Three major pathogenetic mechanisms were described: CNS vasculitis, spreading of granulomas from the adjacent anatomical areas (paranasal cavities, orbit etc.), and new formation of granulomas in brain tissue. This case report describes patients in whom WG manifested in the form of localized skin involvement and combined CNS involvement that included pituitary gland. Atypical presentation of WG impedes and slows down the process of diagnosis and emphasizes the need for collaboration between medical specialists.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Abscess / etiology
  • Abscess / pathology
  • Adult
  • Brain / blood supply
  • Brain / pathology*
  • Central Nervous System Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Central Nervous System Diseases / etiology
  • Cyclophosphamide / therapeutic use
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / complications
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / diagnosis*
  • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Hypopituitarism / diagnosis*
  • Hypopituitarism / etiology
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Pituitary Gland, Anterior / blood supply
  • Pituitary Gland, Anterior / pathology*
  • Skin / pathology
  • Skin Diseases / etiology
  • Skin Diseases / pathology

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Cyclophosphamide