Far-field intensity distribution and M2 factor of hollow Gaussian beams

Appl Opt. 2005 Nov 20;44(33):7187-90. doi: 10.1364/ao.44.007187.

Abstract

The far-field intensity distribution of hollow Gaussian beams was investigated based on scalar diffraction theory. An analytical expression of the M2 factor of the beams was derived on the basis of the second-order moments. Moreover, numerical examples to illustrate our analytical results are given.