The results of IVF in cases of tubal sterility are compared with those of surgery (macro- or micro-surgery, coelio-surgery). This analysis includes a continuous series of 1051 attempted pregnancies in 640 women (with or mixed tubal sterility with or without endometriosis). After an average 1.64 attempts per patient, 220 women had achieved 241 pregnancies (pregnancy rate: 22.9% per puncture, 34.3% per woman). Of these 241 pregnancies, there were 172 (71.8%) which continued to term, 57 (23.6%) miscarriages and 11 (4.6%) ectopic pregnancies. The pregnancies carried to term were single pregnancies in 129 cases (74.6%), twin pregnancies in 37 cases (21.4%) and triple pregnancies in 7 cases (4%). The indication of coelio-surgery (or microsurgery) is justified in young women with no history of genital tuberculosis, tubal plasty or ectopic pregnancy and presenting with purely tubal sterility with a good prognosis. Restoration of patency after tubal sterilization remains a good indication for microsurgery in young women. In all other cases, indication is for IVF from the outset.