Objectives: To report one case of unilateral acute orchiepididymitis due to Brucella and to review its diagnosis and treatment in the related literature.
Method: We report the case of a 37-year-old-male with undulant fever, scrotal pain and swelling and osteoarticular involvement. Diagnosis was obtained by anamnesis, blood cultures and specific serologic tests for Brucella.
Results: Antibiotic therapy with orally administered Doxycycline (6 weeks) and im-administered Streptomycin (3 weeks). Complete clinical resolution was achieved.
Conclusions: We must perform an exhaustive anamnesis looking for a history of contact with animals or ingestion of contaminated dairy products in endemic areas of Brucella when facing the case of orchiepididymitis resistant to usual antibiotic therapy. The diagnosis is based on Brucella spp. isolation in blood cultures and on positive serologic tests (Rose Bengal test, standard seroagglutination test, anti-Brucella Coombs test, Brucellacapt test). Doxycycline with Streptomycin or Rifampin for 6 weeks seems to be the most adequate combinations of antibiotics. Surgical treatment only in exceptional cases.