Objectives: Several studies have suggested the existence of seasonal variation in the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB). However, the role of climatic factors has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of these factors in the incidence of UGB secondary to esophageal varices (EV), gastric ulcer (GU), and duodenal ulcer (DU).
Material and methods: Based on the use of the Minimum Data Set and the International Classification of Diseases, cases of endoscopically-confirmed UGB secondary to EV, GU and DU were retrospectively included (1998-2001). The incidence of UGB was correlated with daily climatic factors (temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, direction and speed of wind) in Jerez de la Frontera (Spain) during the study period.
Results: A total of 499 patients were included (GU = 192, DU = 199, EV = 108). No significant differences were found in the monthly or seasonal incidence of UGB. Episodes of UGB were grouped according to the climatic conditions present on the day of admission. No significant relationship was found between UGB and any of the daily climatic factors studied.
Discussion: The results of our study do not support the existence of a seasonal pattern in the incidence of UGB secondary to GU, DU or EV and allow us to conclude that, in our geographical area, these factors are not involved in episodes of bleeding.