The role of preclinical atherosclerosis in the explanation of educational differences in incidence of coronary events

Atherosclerosis. 2006 Aug;187(2):251-6. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.037. Epub 2005 Oct 19.

Abstract

The associations between educational level, preclinical carotid atherosclerosis and incident coronary events (CE), were investigated in a general population sample of 5399 Swedish middle-aged men and women without history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a median follow-up of 8.7 years. Presence of carotid plaque (focal intima-media thickness (IMT) >1.2mm) was determined by B-mode ultrasound. In the age- and sex-adjusted model, there was an inverse relationship between educational level and risk of future CE (p for trend=0.002). To explore if there were education differences between groups with similar degrees of preclinical carotid atherosclerosis stratified analyses were made. Those with low educational level without carotid plaque showed a slightly increased hazard rate ratio (HRR), 1.14 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.97), compared to those with high educational level without carotid plaque (reference group). For those with high educational level with carotid plaque the HRR was 1.53 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.55). Having both low educational level and carotid plaque was associated with a HRR of 2.72 (95% CI: 1.72, 4.31). Individuals with plaque generally had more unfavourable cardiovascular risk factor levels, regardless of educational level. However, after risk factor adjustment those with both low education and carotid plaque still had a two-fold increased risk of CE. The results imply that differences in the prevalence of preclinical atherosclerosis seem important in explaining education differences in future coronary morbidity.

MeSH terms

  • Age Distribution
  • Aged
  • Carotid Artery Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Carotid Artery Diseases / epidemiology*
  • Coronary Artery Disease / diagnostic imaging
  • Coronary Artery Disease / epidemiology*
  • Educational Status*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Myocardial Infarction / diagnostic imaging
  • Myocardial Infarction / epidemiology*
  • Myocardial Infarction / psychology
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Distribution
  • Ultrasonography