1. Hepatitis C-associated liver failure is the most common indication for liver transplantation, and approximately 10% of HCV-infected recipients will die or lose their allograft secondary to recurrent HCV infection. 2. Risk factors associated with histological recurrence of HCV include donor (age, fat content, ischemic time, and living donor), recipient (age and non-Caucasian race), clinical (rejection and CMV), and viral (viral load and quasispecies). 3. Treatment of recipients with histological recurrence is with pegylated IFN (+/- ribavirin). The role of hepatitis C immunoglobulin in the management of postransplant HCV is still evolving. (