Nutrigenomics is a promising multidisciplinary field that focus on studying the interactions between nutritional factors, genetic factors and health outcomes. Its goal is to achieve more efficient individual dietary intervention strategies aimed at preventing disease, improving quality of life and achieving healthy aging. Somehow, nutrigenomics has been used for decades in certain rare monogenic diseases such as phenylketonuria. It has the potential to provide a basis for personalized dietary recommendations based on the individual's genetic makeup in order to prevent common multifactorial disorders (such as metabolic syndrome) decades before their clinical manifestation. Preliminary results regarding gene-diet interactions in many diseases are for the most part inconclusive because of the limitations of current designs. Success in this area will require the integration of various disciplines (e.g. biotechnology, medicine, biology, economics) and will require investigators to work on ethnic groups. This knowledge should lead to successful dietary recommendations partly based on genetic factors that may help to reduce disease risk more efficiently than the current universal recommendations based mainly on epidemiological studies. We discuss nutrigenomic issues and show examples for this new, with a wide research area, field of science.