Background and aims: Non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the representative liver diseases in the developed countries. Diagnosis of NASH is dependent on histological findings from liver biopsy. Usefulness of contrast ultrasound with Levovist for diagnosis of NASH is described.
Methods and materials: Clinical study: Ultrasound contrast agent, Levovist of 2.5g was injected intravenously. The liver was scanned at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50min after Levovist injection in different planes using a contrast specific ultrasound mode. Changes in microbubble accumulation in the liver were evaluated. The signal intensity from regions of interest (ROI) on the contrast images was measured and accumulation and decrescence of microbubbles were estimated using the time intensity curves (TICs). The image data and TICs were evaluated by blind reviewers. Fifteen patients with NASH, 8 with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), 45 with non alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), 10 with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 10 healthy volunteers were studied. Animal study: Methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCDD) fed rats were used for NASH model. Correlation between microbubble accumulation and morphological and functional changes of sinusoidal endothelium and macrophage was evaluated.
Results: The maximum intensity of contrast ultrasound was decreased and time course decrescence was more rapid in NASH than the other groups. These changes were correlated to the degree of centrilobular and pericellular fibrosis but not to steatosis in histological study. Disturbance of microbubble accumulation was correlated with sinusoidal function rather than morphological changes such as fibrosis and parenchymatitis in the animal studies.
Conclusions: The Levovist contrast study enables differential diagnosis between NASH and other diseases that provoke steatosis and fibrosis.