Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis possesses six eukaryotic-like serine-threonine protein phosphatases. These enzymes play an important role in the cell. The response to environmental or nutrional stress conditions are controlled by three Rsb phosphatases: RsbX, RsbU and RsbP. Phosphatases are also involved in endospore formation process (SpoIIE) and sugar transport (kinase/phosphatase Hpr). Moreover in the cell there are phosphatases with still unknown function (PrpC and PrpE). Cellular processes, presented here are regulated by serine/threonine protein phosphatases and very important for bacterial survival in natural environment. Protein phosphatases must act in cooperation with protein kinases and deserve the same attention as kinases.