The results of examination of 84 patients with tuberculosis of the central nervous system were used to make comparative clinical and laboratory studies. They revealed that lymphocytosis detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CF), particularly the prevalence of lymphocytes (more than 50%), and decreased levels of chlorides in the cytogram were of value in the comprehensive diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. The detection of CF Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) (applying the whole currently available set of methods) is an absolute criterion for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (however, with, unfortunately, few number positive results). The detection of mycobacterial DNA, antigens, and tuberculosis antibodies is an impotent component of a diagnostic complex for tuberculous meningitis. The determination of cytosis, protein, glucose, chlorides, lymphocytic subpopulations, soluble gamma-interferon mediators, mycobacteria, DNA, MBT antigens, and tuberculosis antibodies in SF is essential in treating tuberculous meningitis.