The etiotropic directionality of scientific searches of the introduction of new antibiotics and therapy regimens fails to substantially increase the efficiency of treatment of tuberculosis. The use of the strict multicomponent chemotherapy standards proposed for the treatment of different forms of tuberculosis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) being kept in mind does not reduce the number of progressing processes. Etiotropic chemotherapy with the standard regimens of different combinations and intensity, which is aimed at suppressing MBT viability should be always combined with the methods rehabilitating the physiological processes of cell-tissue masses involved into a specific tuberculous process. The basic methods are improvement of the gas-exchange function of respiratory organs; balanced diet; widely use of natural climatic and artificial physical factors. The combined use of etiotropic and rehabilitative therapies accelerates reparative processes and substantially reduces the time of involution of tuberculous inflammation and the patient's recovery. Thus, out of 258 patients with acutely progressive tuberculosis, their use ceased bacillar isolation in 84.2%, by closing decay cavities in 79.8% whereas out of 284 patients receiving the routine chemotherapy regimens, these figures were 57.3 and 40.8%, respectively. The efficient use of general biological principles in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with active tuberculosis can reduce the time of inpatient treatment by 1.5-2 times and accordingly economic expenses on the cure of a patient.