Background: Many studies confirm that beating heart surgery is an alternative to on-pump myocardial revascularization. However, the clinical conditions of patients are currently considered as a major landmark in the indication for beating heart surgery. This retrospective non-randomized study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and the advantages of this surgical technique when anatomical criteria are used to choose the surgical strategy.
Methods: From February to December 2003, 222 consecutive patients underwent isolated myocardial revascularization: 76 (34%) with an off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) and 146 (66%) with an on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB) procedure. Selection for surgical treatment was based on coronary anatomy. All patients were stratified for mortality risk class according to the EuroSCORE system. Operative and postoperative data were analyzed.
Results: Morbidity and mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups but the release of creatine kinase-MB fraction was significantly higher in the ONCAB group (48.7 +/- 55.3 vs 20.8 +/- 16.6 U/ml, p < 0.001). Patients at high surgical risk were dealt with a more complicated clinical outcome; logistic regression analysis showed that this class was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in both groups.
Conclusions: We did not find any statistical difference in hospital mortality and morbidity either using ONCAB or OPCAB; however a lower release of creatine kinase-MB in beating heart revascularization group suggests that OPCAB reduces myocardial injury and preserves cardiac function when anatomical criteria are considered for patient selection.