The viability of treating high-concentration food wastewater by an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR) was studied using polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes PES200, PES300, PES500 and PES700 with norminal molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) ranging from 20,000 to 70,000 Da. Hydraulic and solid retention time significantly affected the treatment performance of the AMBR kept at 60 h and 50 days in the study. The four membranes exhibited a similar efficiency in removal of suspended solids, color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and bacteria. When the volumetric loading rate was below 4.5 kg/m3d, COD removal rate was in the range of 81-94% and the gas yield stabilized at 0.136 m3/kg COD. The effect of membrane properties including MWCO, hydrophobicity and surface morphology on membrane fouling and cleaning was evaluated. The PES200 membranes with the smallest MWCO and smoothest surface exhibited a serious initial flux decline, whereas the PES700 membranes with the largest MWCO and roughest surface were observed related to the highest flux decline and the lowest recoverable flux rate during long-term operation. Membrane autopsy revealed that the significant flux decline was caused by the formation of a thick biofouling layer onto the membrane surfaces.