The complete genomic nucleotide sequence and structure of Daphne virus S (DVS), a daphne-infecting member of the genus Carlavirus, were determined. The genome of DVS was 8,739 nucleotides long, excluding the poly (A) tails. The genome of DVS contained six open reading frames coding for proteins of Mr 227 kDa (viral replicase), 25 kDa, 11 kDa and 7 kDa (triple gene block TGB) proteins 1, 2 and 3), 35 kDa (coat protein; CP), and 12 kDa from the 5' to 3' ends; respectively. This is the typical genome structure of members of the genus Carlavirus. Overall amino acid sequence similarities for the six ORFs of DVS were from 58.5% to 13.2% to those of the other carlaviruses. The 227 kDa replicase of DVS shared 45.5-39.2% amino acid similarities to that of 8 other known carlaviruses. Results from phylogenetic analyses of viral replicases and CPs demonstrated that DVS is a close relative of Helenium virus S and Chrysanthemum virus B. A total of 13 isolates of DVS shared 100-95.9% identities for the amino acid level and 99.5-81.0% identities for the nucleotide level. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence and structure of DVS and supports the conclusion that DVS is a typical species of the genus Carlavirus.