We investigated the biocompatibility of semi-microporous segmented polyetherurethane (SPEU) that was coated with human microvascular endothelial cells. Three types of prosthesis were examined: (1) non-porous (control), (2) SPEU without a collagen coating (PNC) and (3) collagen-coated SPEU (PC). The attachment and proliferation of endothelial cells on SPEU (PNC and PC prostheses) was twice as great as in the control prostheses and endothelial cell adhesion in the PC prostheses was 1.4-times greater than in the PNC prostheses. The degree of endothelial cell coverage in the control prostheses was significantly lower than in the PNC and PC prostheses (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the PNC and PC prostheses in the degree of endothelial cell coverage. As regards the retention of endothelial cells under simulated blood-flow conditions, the PNC prostheses exhibited a greater decrease in endothelial cell coverage, as compared to the PC prostheses (P < 0.05). Similarly, the PNC prostheses exhibited less platelet adhesion than the PC prostheses (P < 0.05). In summary, the semi-microporous SPEU offered better surfaces to anchor and culture for endothelial cells, and had superior anti-coagulant properties, as compared to nonporous SPEU. The coating of SPEU with collagen influenced both the attachment of endothelial cells and blood coagulation on the SPEU.