Contemporary transfusion medicine is based on the application of correct indication, volume and regiment of therapy with blood components and plasma preparations according to individual needs and clinical condition of each patient. The goal is to achieve maximally efficient transfusion therapy, rational usage of donor blood, prolonged possibility for blood conservation and decrease of the risk for side effects, complications and infections during the blood transfusion. The new tendency in transfusion therapy is applied in protocols and methodological manuals which give the guidelines, therapeutical algorithms for good medical practice. An example of such manual is the one given by the Council of Europe, which is issued annually and is corrected by wide number of specialists.