In normal rats, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have a facilitating role on both short-term and long-term memory tested by Y-maze task and multi-trial passive avoidance test, respectively, since scopolamine, a specific mAChRs antagonist, impairs both types of memory. A low dose of nicotine (0.3 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), a specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) agonist, administered once caused a significant facilitating effect on short-term memory. A higher dose of nicotine (3 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) administered 5 consecutively days had about the same facilitating effect on short- and long-term memory without affecting information acquisition. In rats, having mAChRs and nAChRs blocked by means of scopolamine and chlorisondamine respectively, a low dose of nicotine administered once caused a significant improvement of long-term memory deficits without affecting significantly short-term memory. A higher dose of nicotine administered 5 consecutive days in rats with a double blockade of cholinergic receptors had the same ameliorating effect on long-term memory deficits as low dose. Our data suggest that the antiamnesic effect of nicotine can result from an action at nicotinic receptors subtypes not blocked by chlorisondamine or at nonnicotinic receptors.