To give pH sensitivity to a thermoreversible supramolecular-structured hydrogel system, poly(epsilon-lysine) (PL), as a cationic polymer, was grafted to dextran and used for inclusion complexation with alpha-cyclodextrins (alpha-CDs). The synthesized graft copolymer was characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the hydrogel formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C NMR analysis. The hydrogelation was induced from a phase-separated structure of hydrated dextrans and hydrophobically aggregated inclusion complexes in buffer solution at pH 10.0. The prepared hydrogels showed thermoreversible gel-sol transitions as well as pH-sensitive phase transitions, which were recorded by the changes in UV/Vis transmittance. A rapid phase transition from gel to sol was observed upon decreasing the pH value to 4.0, which resulted from the dissociation process between the protonated guest polymer and alpha-CDs. The stimuli-responsive physical properties of the hydrogels were improved by modulating the degree of substitution of the grafted PL and the combination with alpha-CDs.