Objective: Pancreas transplant alone can be effective in significantly improving the quality of life of type 1 diabetic patients, and it can also eliminate acute diabetes complications, such as hypoglycemic and/or hyperglycemic episodes. The effects of pancreas transplant alone on long-term complications of diabetes, including nephropathy, are still not settled. We evaluated whether restoration of long-lasting normoglycemia by pancreas transplant alone might have beneficial action on diabetic nephropathy.
Research design and methods: A total of 32 type 1 diabetic patients were evaluated before and 1 year after successful pancreas transplant alone, together with 30 matched nontransplanted type 1 diabetic subjects. Several metabolic and kidney function parameters were measured, including plasma glucose, glycohemoglobin (A1C), C-peptide, plasma lipids, blood pressure, creatinine, creatinine clearance, and urinary protein excretion.
Results: Pancreas transplant alone restored sustained normoglycemia, without exogenous insulin administration, and improved plasma lipid levels. Blood pressure decreased significantly. Creatinine concentrations and clearances did not differ before and after transplantation. Urinary protein excretion decreased significantly after pancreas transplant alone, with four microalbuminuric and three macroalbuminuric patients who became normoalbuminuric. None of these changes occurred in the nontransplanted group.
Conclusions: Successful pancreas transplant alone, through restoration of sustained normoglycemia, improves diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients.