We performed a randomised, prospective study of 80 mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasties (80 knees) in order to measure the effects of varus-valgus laxity and balance on the range of movement (ROM) one year after operation. Forty knees had a posterior-cruciate-ligament (PCL)-retaining prosthesis and the other 40 a PCL-sacrificing prosthesis. In the balanced group (69 knees) in which the difference between varus and valgus was less than 2 degrees, the mean ROM improved significantly from 107.6 degrees to 117.7 degrees (p < 0.0001). By contrast, in the 11 knees which were unbalanced and in which the difference between varus and valgus laxity exceeded 2 degrees, the ROM decreased from a mean of 121.0 degrees to 112.7 degrees (p = 0.0061). We conclude that coronal laxity, especially balanced laxity, is important for achieving an improved ROM in mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty.