Cognitive dysfunction, a common feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), frequently leads to impaired activities of daily living, social skills deficits, diminished social support, and unemployment. There is growing evidence indicating that cognitive impairment is amenable to the effects of medication and behavioral counseling. Unfortunately, routine neuropsychological testing is rare in MS clinics because screening is ineffective and testing strategies are often too cumbersome or expensive. Recent research supports the reliability of a brief screening test called the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire as well as a minimal neuropsychological battery called the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis. Data indicate that the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire has excellent split-half and test-retest reliability, and that it predicts neuropsychological deficiency with good sensitivity and specificity. Recently acquired data also show that the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis tests have good test-retest reliability, discriminate MS patients from normal controls, and predict unemployment in MS patients. Thus, these or similar methods should be employed for the routine monitoring of cognitive functioning of MS patients.