This study was designed to determine whether or not insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its receptor are present in the human male genital tract. The IGF-1 receptor was found in seminal plasma from fertile and infertile men, but no IGF-1 receptor was observed in sperm from patients with a history of more failed fertilization. The presence of the IGF-1 receptor in the plasma membrane of human sperm is proposed as a future tool for male sterility assessment.